Accurate prediction of neonatal mortality remains one of the most challenging problems in critical care. This study developed a High Definition Phenotype (HDP) framework that integrates electronic medical records, laboratory results, bedside physiological monitoring, medications, nutrition, and derived physiological features into a unified time-series representation of each patient.
Clinical data from 1,546 neonatal admissions across eight Level III NICUs were collected, with 757 patients containing complete fixed, intermittent, and continuous datasets for model development. Two predictive approaches—a Logistic Regression Model (LRM) and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning model—were developed and compared with established neonatal severity scores including CRIB, CRIB-II, SNAP-II, and SNAPPE-II.
Both AI models consistently outperformed traditional severity scores, with the LSTM achieving an AUC of up to 0.96, while also providing continuously updated mortality risk predictions throughout hospitalization. The framework demonstrates the potential of integrating multimodal clinical data into real-time bedside decision support systems capable of detecting patient deterioration earlier than conventional approaches.